A Radical Idea: Work Less, Live More by Ross Gittins (2 Viewers)

volition

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http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/a-radical-idea-work-less-live-more/2007/03/13/1173722468319.html
Ross Gittins said:
If I were to assert that the pressures of working life - some of them heightened by the consequences of economic reform - are having a deleterious effect on family life, many harried parents would readily agree. But a lot of hard-nosed business people, economists and politicians would be sceptical. All they know is that we're more prosperous than ever before.

So where's the hard evidence that may convince them something's amiss in the wonderful world they've made for us?

Well, such evidence as exists has been assembled by a new interest group, Relationships Forum Australia, in its report An Unexpected Tragedy.

Thirty years ago, the average Australian worker spent less than 40 hours a week at work. The vast majority of them were in steady employment, working on weekdays between 8am and 6pm.

This pattern of working allowed most Australians to enjoy consistent patterns of life outside work - to spend predictable time with family and friends and in community activities.

Much has changed since then. It's true that we're not all working longer hours and that average working hours have fallen back a little in the past few years. But average hours are still a lot higher than they were 20 years ago and are near the top among the rich countries.

We have 22 per cent of employees working more than 50 hours a week, which is exceeded only by Japan. Add in the self-employed and the proportion rises to 29 per cent. But it's not just how long we work, but when. We have 30 per cent of the workforce working regularly at weekends, a proportion exceeded only by Italy. More than a third of employees usually work on Saturdays and almost a quarter on Sundays.

Add to that the increase in weekday work at unsocial hours. Just between 1992 and 1997, the proportion of the workforce working any time on weekdays between 6pm and 8am rose from 59 per cent to 64 per cent.

Then there's the degree of job security we enjoy and the ease with which the hours we're required to work can be changed at short notice. We have 27 per cent of the workforce in casual or temporary employment, which is exceeded only by Spain.

The other big change, of course, is the increase in the number of women in paid employment. The proportion of two-income couples with children has risen from 42 per cent in 1981 to 60 per cent.

The report says "there is a compelling case that the growing numbers of Australians who work long hours and at unsocial and unpredictable times sacrifice time with their families and friends".

Most of our social activities remain concentrated on the weekend, so it's not surprising that the 3 million people who work on weekends are able to spend less time with family, friends or clubs and associations. On average, the 2 million Australians who work on Sundays do so for almost a full day, typically losing six hours of family time and social contact, which they don't make up for during the week.

Surveys of time use show that working mothers sacrifice personal care, household and social time in order to minimise time lost with children. Many parents in two-income households adopt a strategy of "shift parenting" - one minds the kids while the other works. But this still requires them to sacrifice time spent together as a couple and with their families.

A government survey has found that half of working parents believe their work causes them to miss out on some of the rewarding aspects of being a parent. Forty per cent say that working leaves them with too little time or energy to be the parent they want to be. Almost 30 per cent say that, because of the requirements of their job, their family time is less enjoyable and more pressured.

We also know the divorce rate has risen consistently since the mid-1980s. And among families with dependent children, the proportion of single-parent families has nearly doubled since 1976 to 22 per cent.

When it comes to happiness and harmony, divorce and separation are just the tip of the iceberg. Relationships can deteriorate a long way and for a long time before parents split up.

The fact that family breakdown has increased at the same time as we've been working longer, more unsocial and more irregular hours doesn't prove the latter caused the former.

The statistical evidence that would establish a causal link between the two doesn't yet exist. The people in charge of our economic miracle don't seem to have regarded it as important to find out one way or the other.

Even so, studies from other English-speaking countries provide plenty of circumstantial evidence. For instance, a Canadian study of two-income families found a 26 per cent increased risk of parental depression where the father works unsocial hours, a 41 per cent increased risk where the mother works unsocial hours and a 65 per cent increased risk where both parents work unsocial hours.

The study also found higher risks of poorer family functioning and hostile or ineffective parenting.

Working unsocial hours makes it harder for employees to maintain family relationships because they miss out on shared family events and routines. Evening and overnight work is particularly stressful for parents, affecting their sleep and increasing depression, as well as disrupting family routines and possibly reducing parent involvement and responsiveness to children.

Among the children of the people studied, there were significantly higher risks of hyperactivity or inattention, physical aggression, emotional disorders and, among two- to three-year-olds, separation anxiety.

What could be done to halt and reverse the trend towards more weekend work and pressure on family life? Plenty. We could bring back penalty rates for work at unsocial hours and re-regulate shopping and trading hours, for openers.

Does that sound radical? It is. Utterly contrary to the spirit of our age. So, in theory, it won't happen until our politicians and their business and economist urgers can be presented with convincing evidence that our economic success is coming at the expense of family life.

In practice, however, the pollies will change their tune just as soon as enough voters make it clear that's what they want.
So Gittins says, "We could bring back penalty rates for work at unsocial hours and re-regulate shopping and trading hours, for openers.".

I have a few problems with this, first of all, how would we determine what the penalty rates are?

As for regulating on shopping and trading hours, I don't like this idea because I think that's a valid way to compete against other businesses, by offering to be open longer. This also means that if businesses are forced to be open for less time, we'd have even more time constraints on our lives, "having to do the shopping before 9pm" or whenever the hours are set at. It might also mean increasing underemployment for the night time workers who now have to compete for the daytime hours.

My final criticism is that the workers are choosing the hours they're working. Sure, you could complain that 'because some people are willing to work late, other people may have to be able to do the same to compete', but once again, you can't call it a lack of freedom on your part that other people are willing to work later than you are. I certainly don't think the solution is to just legislate so that nobody works late.

So, what do you reckon?
 

banco55

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30 years ago the economy was a lot less competitive than it is now. Not to mention the world economy is even more competitive these days.
 

Not-That-Bright

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People love to work though, they love to have the extra money for all the crap we fill our lives with... I also think this is the wrong time for this sort of move, with an aging population chances are we're going to have to get used to working even more.
 

volition

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Not-That-Bright said:
aging population chances are we're going to have to get used to working even more.
I think you're probably right there NTB
 

HotShot

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whats funny is that with all the improvements in science and tech we still need to work more.

i think not sure in general most developed countries have increased working hours in the past 30yrs.
 

Not-That-Bright

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whats funny is that with all the improvements in science and tech we still need to work more.
I don't think we're working that much more and truth be told if you wanted to live at the level of luxury of a 1950's worker you most likely could on fairly minimal hours of work.
 

ZabZu

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Not-That-Bright said:
I don't think we're working that much more and truth be told if you wanted to live at the level of luxury of a 1950's worker you most likely could on fairly minimal hours of work.
Over the past 10-20 years there has been an increase in part time work, about 30% of jobs today are part time. This is due to many factors such as an increase in the number of women working.

However, the people who are still working full-time are working longer hours. Many graduates are expected to work at least 12 hours a day.
 

volition

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ZabZu said:
However, the people who are still working full-time are working longer hours. Many graduates are expected to work at least 12 hours a day.
I find this 12 hours statistic a little hard to believe, have you got any proof of this? Because I doubt any significant proportion of graduates are working 12 hrs a day.
 

ZabZu

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volition said:
I find this 12 hours statistic a little hard to believe, have you got any proof of this? Because I doubt any significant proportion of graduates are working 12 hrs a day.
I got no idea of the proportion of graduates working 12+ hours a day but ive heard analysts say that it is becoming more common.

Ive got statistics from the ABS that show the percentage of people working 45+ hours a week has increased. In 1985 it was 17.7% of workers, in 1998 it was 25% and in 2000 it increased to 26.1%.
 

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Would it be fair to say that people work more because there isnt anything else to do? I mean Australia is boring as compared to other countries.

After 6pm everything is closed. The streets are empty. Before 9am everything is closed and the streets are empty.

9-6 typical working hours - when everything is open, finish work - everyhting is closed - so work some more nothing else to do.
 

Not-That-Bright

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I got no idea of the proportion of graduates working 12+ hours a day but ive heard analysts say that it is becoming more common.

Ive got statistics from the ABS that show the percentage of people working 45+ hours a week has increased. In 1985 it was 17.7% of workers, in 1998 it was 25% and in 2000 it increased to 26.1%.
However it's also actually decreased a little since then. Anyway, if you really want to work less you can - You just don't get all the fun stuff.
 

Josie

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A good friend of mine is working 50+ hrs a week. And he's still at uni.
 

ElenaV

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Why so quick to regulate? Here's a fucking idea: simply find a job that allows you to work less. The reality is people can mostly work as long as they want; you don't NEED to work 60 hours a week for that higher pay. Seachange moves are possible, and happen regularly. It's a shame that Gittins doesn't recognise that we will need to be working this long to cover the large welfare state government interventionist policies in this country have created.

Unfortunately you can't be more prosperous without working harder; there are always limits to the progress of technological advancement in reducing our working burden, particularly in a knowledge economy like ours. Patents and intellectual property laws which are poorly thought out and badly implemented just compound the issues.

Jobs in this country are voluntary. You have a choice of jobs, with a difference in pay levels and working hours. Claims of 'economic servitude' are unsound; above the level of absolute poverty, covering your basic needs, everything else is optional. No one has the right to comfort without earning it. 'Deregulation' means that union representatives no longer decide your income; businesses do (in consultation with you). The advantage to this system is that businesses know what income you will work at, and that is the fair price. If you think about it, any price above that is skewed towards you as it is a bonus. Businesses that underpay will sooner or latter get their comeuppance as they will end up with staff with lesser abilities (and thus, their unfair pay will become fair pay). So markets tend towards the rate which employers will pay and employees will work for.

As for the whole affirmative action set of 'rights', such as maternity leave and anti-discrimination laws, there is a considerable body of economic theory and evidence that shows they lead to worse results by increasing discrimination against women (consult economic psychology journals, the work of nobel prize winner Samuel Becker, etc).

Work less, live more? great idea. Just don't force people to agree with you, some people just want more money. Personally I agree with Gittins' sentiments, but not his suggested methods. I'll work as much as I need, and then a bit more to cover what I want. P.S: Want to make people be able to work less? Stop taxing them above 15% for a start.
 

LimpFan87

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There is no way you can work less.
If you want to be competitive you have to work hard.
I know it sucks, but that's the way it is...
 

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